Backstitch in Cross Stitch: The Complete Guide
Master the finishing touch that brings your cross stitch projects to life
What You'll Learn
What is Backstitch in Cross Stitch?
Backstitch is a simple linear stitch used in cross stitch to add definition, outlines, and fine details to your work. While cross stitches form the main body of your design through X-shaped stitches, backstitch creates continuous lines that define shapes, add text, and bring out intricate details that cross stitches alone cannot achieve.
Think of backstitch as the "ink" that outlines your cross stitch "painting." Without it, many designs would look blurry or undefined. With backstitch, facial features pop, letters become readable, and boundaries between colors become crisp and clear.
Quick Definition
Backstitch is a basic embroidery stitch where you work "backwards" to create a continuous line. Each stitch moves backward to connect with the previous stitch, creating a solid, unbroken line on your fabric.
When to Use Backstitch
Backstitch serves several important purposes in cross stitch projects. Understanding when to use it will help you achieve professional-looking results.
Outlining Shapes
The most common use of backstitch is to outline shapes and create clear boundaries between different colored areas. This is especially important for designs with similar colors next to each other, where cross stitches alone might blend together.
Adding Details
Fine details like facial features, whiskers on animals, veins on leaves, or architectural elements often require the precision that only backstitch can provide. Cross stitches are too bulky for these delicate elements.
Lettering and Text
While some lettering can be done in cross stitch, backstitch allows for more elegant, flowing text. It's particularly useful for small text, script fonts, and adding names or dates to samplers.
Creating Dimension
Strategic use of backstitch can create the illusion of depth in your work. Outlining elements in the foreground while leaving background elements unoutlined helps establish visual hierarchy.
- Defining edges between similar colors
- Creating facial features (eyes, mouths, noses)
- Adding text, names, and dates
- Stitching fine details like whiskers or antennae
- Outlining the entire design for a polished look
- Creating decorative borders and frames
Ready to Start Your Project?
Browse our collection of cross stitch patterns with detailed backstitch guides
Step-by-Step Backstitch Tutorial
Follow these steps to create perfect backstitches every time. The key to backstitch is working in a "backward" motion, which creates the characteristic solid line.
Thread Your Needle
Thread your needle with the appropriate number of strands (usually 1 strand for backstitch). Secure the thread on the back of your fabric, either by weaving under existing stitches or using a waste knot if you're starting fresh.
Come Up at Your Starting Point
Bring your needle up through the fabric at the point where you want your line to begin. This will be one stitch length ahead of where your first stitch will end.
Make Your First Stitch Backward
Insert your needle one stitch length behind where you came up (going "backward"). Pull the thread through to complete your first stitch. The stitch should lay flat on the fabric.
Come Up Ahead
Bring your needle up one stitch length ahead of where you started. This positions you for the next stitch. You should come up at the same hole where your first stitch began.
Continue the Pattern
Insert your needle back into the hole where the previous stitch ended, then come up one stitch length ahead. Repeat this pattern to create a continuous line. Each new stitch shares a hole with the previous stitch.
Secure Your Thread
When you've completed your line or run low on thread, secure it on the back by weaving under several existing stitches. Clip the excess thread close to the fabric.
Backstitch Direction Diagram
Dots show where needle enters/exits fabric. Work from right to left, stitching "backward."
Pro Tip
Always complete all your cross stitches before adding backstitch. Working backstitch last ensures you don't accidentally stitch over the backstitch lines, which can distort them.
Backstitch vs Cross Stitch: Key Differences
Understanding the differences between these two fundamental stitches will help you know when to use each technique.
| Feature | Backstitch | Cross Stitch |
|---|---|---|
| Shape | Straight lines | X-shaped stitches |
| Primary Use | Outlines, details, text | Filling areas, main design |
| Thread Count | Usually 1 strand | Usually 2 strands |
| Coverage | Thin, precise lines | Fills grid squares completely |
| When to Stitch | Last (after all cross stitches) | First (before backstitch) |
| Pattern Symbol | Lines connecting grid points | Symbols in grid squares |
| Direction | Any direction | Follows grid squares |
Reading Backstitch on Cross Stitch Patterns
Backstitch instructions are shown differently than cross stitch symbols on patterns. Learning to read these instructions correctly is essential for achieving the designer's intended result.
How Backstitch Appears on Patterns
On most cross stitch patterns, backstitch is shown as straight lines drawn over the grid. These lines connect hole to hole (the corners of the grid squares) rather than filling the squares themselves.
Common Backstitch Representations
Solid lines: Most patterns use solid straight lines to indicate backstitch paths.
Dashed lines: Some patterns use dashed lines to distinguish backstitch from other elements.
Colored lines: Different colored lines indicate different thread colors for backstitch.
Understanding the Legend
Always check your pattern's legend or key for backstitch information. The legend typically specifies:
- The thread color code (DMC number or equivalent)
- The number of strands to use
- Which areas require backstitch
- Line style that represents each color
Diagonal vs Straight Backstitch
Backstitch can run horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the grid. Diagonal backstitches cross from one corner of a grid square to the opposite corner. Pay attention to the exact path shown on the pattern to ensure accuracy.
Pattern Reading Tip
If your pattern includes a separate backstitch chart, study it alongside the main chart before you begin stitching. Some designers overlay backstitch on the main chart, while others provide it separately for clarity.
Thread Count for Backstitch
Using the correct number of strands for backstitch is crucial for achieving the right look. Too many strands create chunky, overpowering lines, while too few may not be visible enough.
Standard Recommendation: 1 Strand
The most common recommendation is to use 1 strand of embroidery floss for backstitch when using 2 strands for your cross stitches. This creates fine, delicate outlines that enhance rather than overwhelm your cross stitch work.
When to Adjust Thread Count
| Situation | Recommended Strands | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| 14-count Aida, standard cross stitch | 1 strand | Creates fine, proportional lines |
| 18-count or higher | 1 strand | Maintains delicate appearance |
| 11-count or lower | 1-2 strands | Larger grid needs slightly bolder lines |
| Bold outlines desired | 2 strands | Creates more prominent definition |
| Very fine details | 1 strand | Allows for precision in small areas |
Always Check Your Pattern
Pattern designers often specify the exact strand count for backstitch. When in doubt, follow the pattern instructions, as the designer has tested what works best for their specific design.
Create Your Own Cross Stitch Pattern
Turn your favorite photos into custom cross stitch patterns with automatic backstitch outlines
Try Pattern GeneratorTips for Smooth Backstitching
Master these techniques to achieve professional-looking backstitch every time.
Maintain Consistent Tension
Keep your thread tension even throughout your backstitch lines. Stitches that are too tight will pucker the fabric, while loose stitches will appear sloppy. Aim for stitches that lay flat against the fabric without pulling.
Work in Logical Order
Plan your backstitch path to minimize thread waste and jumping. Start with connected lines and work outward, rather than jumping around the design randomly.
Stitch in One Direction
For the most consistent appearance, try to work your backstitch in one direction when possible. This helps maintain even tension and creates a more uniform look.
Don't Pull Too Tight
Backstitch should lay on top of the fabric, not sink into it. If your stitches are creating a groove or pulling the fabric, loosen your tension.
Keep Thread Lengths Short
Work with shorter thread lengths (12-18 inches) for backstitch. Longer threads tend to tangle and fray, especially with a single strand.
- Complete all cross stitches before starting backstitch
- Use a laying tool to keep single strands smooth
- Work over existing stitches when traveling between areas
- Avoid carrying thread long distances on the back
- End and start new threads rather than carrying across open areas
- Use good lighting to see where lines should go
Thread Conditioner Tip
Consider using a thread conditioner when working with single strands. It helps prevent tangling and makes the thread glide more smoothly through the fabric.
Common Backstitch Mistakes to Avoid
Even experienced stitchers make these mistakes. Learn what to watch out for and how to fix common backstitch problems.
Starting Backstitch Too Early
Beginning backstitch before completing all cross stitches can result in distorted lines when you work over them later.
Always finish all cross stitches in an area before adding backstitch.
Using Too Many Strands
Thick backstitch lines can overpower delicate cross stitch work and look chunky or unprofessional.
Stick to 1 strand for most projects, or follow your pattern's specifications.
Inconsistent Stitch Length
Varying stitch lengths create an uneven, messy appearance instead of smooth, continuous lines.
Follow the pattern grid precisely, making each stitch the same length as indicated.
Pulling Too Tight
Over-tensioned backstitch creates puckers in your fabric and makes lines sink instead of laying flat.
Relax your tension so stitches lay naturally on the fabric surface.
Skipping Backstitch Entirely
Some stitchers skip backstitch because it seems tedious, but this leaves designs looking unfinished and blurry.
Take your time with backstitch—it's the finishing touch that makes your work look professional.
Not Securing Thread Properly
Inadequately secured threads can come loose over time, ruining your careful work.
Weave thread ends under at least 4-5 existing stitches before cutting.
Frequently Asked Questions
Backstitch is optional, but highly recommended for most designs. While some patterns work beautifully without it, backstitch adds definition and professionalism to your finished piece. If a pattern includes backstitch instructions, the designer intended for it to be part of the final look. You can certainly skip it, but your result may look different from the pattern photo.
Yes! You can customize backstitch colors to suit your preference. However, be aware that color choices affect the final appearance significantly. Darker colors create bolder outlines, while lighter colors or matching colors create subtler effects. Test your color choice on scrap fabric if you're unsure.
Wavy backstitch usually results from inconsistent tension or not following the grid precisely. Make sure you're entering and exiting at the exact holes indicated on the pattern, and maintain even tension throughout. Using a hoop or frame can help stabilize your fabric for more consistent results.
Curves in backstitch are created through a series of short, angled stitches. Follow the pattern carefully, using smaller stitches in tight curves. The grid on cross stitch patterns naturally breaks curves into angular segments—follow these exactly for smooth-looking curves.
Backstitch should go over your cross stitches, laying on top of them. This is why you complete all cross stitches first. The backstitch sits on the surface, creating clear outlines that stand out from the filled areas beneath.
Backstitch and outline stitch are often confused but are different techniques. Backstitch creates stitches that touch end-to-end in a straight line. Outline stitch (or stem stitch) creates a rope-like twisted line. For cross stitch projects, backstitch is the standard choice for outlining.
Carefully use a seam ripper or small scissors to cut the incorrect stitches. Work slowly to avoid cutting your fabric or nearby cross stitches. Remove the thread completely before re-stitching the correct path. For single strands, tweezers can help pull out small thread pieces.
Yes, backstitch works perfectly on Aida fabric. The clear grid holes make it easy to follow pattern lines precisely. Aida's firm weave also helps backstitch lay flat and maintain consistent tension.
Start Your Next Cross Stitch Project
Explore our beginner-friendly patterns with clear backstitch instructions
Browse PatternsContinue Learning
Expand your cross stitch knowledge with these related guides: